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Learning Series Accounting Basics
Article 1 — The Foundations of Business Money
The Starting Point Every business, no matter its size or dream, runs on one invisible engine — money. Money fuels every choice a founder makes: the price of a loaf of bread, the hiring of a developer, the design of a marketing campaign. Yet many people start a business without ever learning how money actually moves inside it. This chapter sets the stage. You’ll see how money travels through a...... Read More
Learning Series Accounting Basics
Article 2 -- Accounting vs Finance: Two Sides of the Same Coin
Accounting vs Finance: Two Sides of the Same Coin Purpose: To show how accounting records what has happened while finance uses those records to plan what should happen next. 1. The Idea in One Line ““““““ Accounting looks backward. Finance looks forward.”””””” Accounting records transactions. Finance turns those records into insight and strategy. [The Bridge Between Accounting and Finance] (Flow-style diagram showing arrows: Transactions → Bookkeeping → Reports → Financial...... Read More
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Learning Series Accounting Basics
Article 3 — The Three Financial Statements: How to Read the Language of Business
The Big Picture ““Accounting writes history. Finance reads it.”” “When you finish this chapter, you’ll be able to glance at any business report and understand the story it tells — how well it performed, how stable it is, and whether it’s actually making cash.” [The Financial Trinity Overview] (Concept): A triangle with three labeled sides — Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement — arrows looping between them: • Income...... Read More
Learning Series Accounting Basics
Article 4 — Budgeting and Forecasting: Turning Guesswork into Strategy
Why Planning Matters A company that does not plan its money plans its failure. Budgeting and forecasting are how founders move from emotion to evidence: • Budget = what you expect will happen. • Forecast = what you see happening and then adjust. Every financial decision — from hiring to new features — sits between those two numbers. A plan keeps you disciplined; a forecast keeps you alive. [Budget vs...... Read More
Learning Series Accounting Basics
Article 5 — Profitability & Ratios: Measuring Performance Beyond Numbers
Why Ratios Matter Financial statements give data; ratios give meaning. They show how efficiently SweetBite Bakery and TechNova Solutions turn money into results. “Accounting records performance. Ratios explain performance. [Profit vs Efficiency vs Return]Three dimensions every founder must know:” 1. Profitability – How much value each pound of sales creates. 2. Efficiency – How well resources are used. 3. Return – How effectively owners’ money grows. Profitability Ratios – “How...... Read More
Learning Series Accounting Basics
Article 6 — Cost Control and Efficiency: Making Every Pound Work
The Logic of Cost Control Growth without control is chaos. You can raise revenue, but if expenses rise faster, you’re only running on a bigger treadmill. Cost control isn’t about cutting — it’s about understanding. It’s the discipline of asking: ““Does this expense create value or waste?”” [Cost Layers Pyramid Foundation -> Flexibility -> Management]Every business stands on three layers: 1. Fixed Costs 🟦 – rent, salaries, insurance: the base....... Read More
Learning Series Accounting Basics
Article 7 — Funding and Capital Structure: Choosing the Right Money for Growth
1. Why Every Business Needs Funding Every idea eventually meets a moment where ambition costs money. Equipment, marketing, staff — each step forward needs capital. Funding isn’t just about cash; it’s about control, risk, and ownership. When you take money, you’re not only adding fuel — you’re trading influence. Startups must learn to ask not only how much but what kind of money they want. [Funding Ladder]The Funding Ladder shows...... Read More